Cholesterol is a blood lipid, a fatty substance that is found in all parts of the body. When the concentration of cholesterol in the blood is too high, many problems, including heart disease, can occur. While cholesterol is manufactured within the body, the average “American diet” provides an excessive intake of cholesterol and fat, leading to many serious health problems. An effective supplement that has proven to help reduce low density lipoproteins (LDL – the “bad cholesterol”) while simultaneously raising high density lipoproteins (HDL—the “good” cholesterol) is pantethine. In study after study, this beneficial supplement has proven to help patients control their cholesterol levels. A number of studies focused on a group of people with particular health concerns (i.e. diabetics, peri- menopausal, etc.) and in each conclusion, pantethine worked in these health conditions without any detrimental side effects. The metabolic activity of pantethine is probably due to its role in the synthesis of CoA and acyl carrier proteins. CoA is a cofactor in over 70 enzymatic pathways including fatty acid oxidation, carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate degradation, amino acid catabolism, heme synthesis, acetylcholine synthesis, and phase II detoxification acetylation. ACP is an essential component of the fatty acid synthase complex required for fatty acid elongation. While the exact mechanism of action of pantethine in normalizing parameters associated with dyslipidemia is unknown, several explanations have been proposed. Some authors have suggested pantethine might be capable of directly modulating the action of several enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis. The efficacy of pantethine in normalizing parameters of dyslipidemia might also be due to its ability to increase CoA levels. Theoretically, if pantethine enhances the formation of CoA, the additional CoA might then combine with free acetyl groups to form acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA could then be directed into the TCA cycle or beta-oxidation at the expense of cholesterol formation. In addition to its cholesterol lowering abilities, several human and animal studies have concluded that pantethine may support other functions, including the healthy metabolism of blood glucose, as well as adrenal and eye health.